2026, Volume 72(76), Issue 2 (June)

Contents

pages 1- 8   Download  

Optimizing Nighttime Visibility and Road Safety Through the Use of Photoluminescent Materials in Urban Infrastructure

IRINA-CRISTINA UNGUREANU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, Iași, Romania, irina-cristina.rusu-ungureanu@student.tuiasi.ro
GHEORGHE GUGIUMAN, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, Iași, Romania

pages 9 - 57   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21680420
Abstract
The article explores the use of two-component epoxy resin and phosphorescent pigments as an innovative solution to enhance nighttime visibility and improve road and pedestrian safety. The study focuses on photoluminescent materials, which absorb and store light energy during the day and gradually release it in darkness, thereby increasing the visibility of sidewalks, curbs, and road markings. The implementation of these materials is particularly advantageous in poorly lit areas or locations prone to frequent power outages. Experimental results indicate that epoxy resin and phosphorescent pigment mixtures maintain a high level of brightness for up to six hours, offering a durable and sustainable alternative to conventional lighting. Additionally, these materials contribute to reducing energy consumption and minimizing light pollution. The study's conclusions validate the applicability of photoluminescent technology in road safety while emphasizing the need for further testing to optimize performance under diverse traffic and climatic conditions.
Keywords: photoluminescence, epoxy resin, road safety, phosphorescent pigments, nighttime visibility

Study of the Evaporation Process Using Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis

LAURA NISTOR, “GheorgheAsachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
TSUYOSHI MICHINOBU, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Japan
GABRIELA LISA, “GheorgheAsachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania, gabriela.lisa@academic.tuiasi.ro

pages 59 - 71   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21680944
Abstract
Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the evaporation of DDMEBT, an organic compound with third-order nonlinear optical properties. Anthracene was analyzed under identical conditions for comparison. Experiments were conducted at 220–240°C, above the melting points of both compounds. Evaporation rates were determined isothermally, and the Arrhenius equation was applied to obtain kinetic parameters. For DDMEBT, the activation energy was 45.31 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor (lnA) was 2.43, with excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9998). These results indicate evaporation without chemical decomposition and confirm the reliability of the method for low-volatility organic compounds. In the case of anthracene, evaporation was governed by mass transfer, showing Arrhenius behavior and an apparent activation energy of 124.26 kJ/mol, supporting the method’s applicability to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons used as reference substances.
Keywords: evaporation, thermogravimetric analysis, DDMEBT, anthracene, activation energy, Arrhenius model

Inexpensive and Environmentally Friendly Manufacturing Method of a Heat Insulation Wood Foam-Based Building Material

LUCIAN PĂUNESCU, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly, Bucharest, Romania, lucianpaunescu16@gmail.com
ADRIAN IOANA, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
ENIKÖ VOLCEANOV, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Language, Bucharest, Romania

pages 73 – 82   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21681384
Abstract
A new building material was designed and investigated to determine its physical-thermal and mechanical performances. Unlike most construction materials, the one chosen by the authors was oak wood recycled following typical processing processes. A suitable surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and distilled water added to the wood waste-based mix facilitated the formation of a wet slurry. It was expanded by stirring and dried at 80°. In physical-thermal terms, the properties of the new material were excellent. The compressive strength did not reach high values, but they were considered acceptable, having into account the destination of this material type. The results were almost similar to those presented in the literature characterizing other foam types.
Keywords: oak wood, surfactant, wood foam, insulation properties, low density

Polyglutamic Acid: An Innovative and Multifunctional Biopolymer

RUT-ANGELINA DOCA, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
IULIAN JURATU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
DANIELA LITRA, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
CRISTINA-MARIA HERGHILIGIU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania, cristina-maria.herghiligiu@academic.tuiasi.ro

pages 83 - 103   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21681671
Abstract
Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly microbial biopolymer known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatility. This paper reviews the structure, production methods and main applications of γ-PGA in agriculture, medicine, wastewater treatment, food technology and cosmetics. In agriculture, γ-PGA can improve soil fertility, increase fertilizer efficiency and contribute to the remediation of saline soils. In the medical field, it has been investigated for drug delivery systems, tissue adhesives and bone regeneration materials. Its adsorption and flocculation properties make it useful for wastewater treatment and other environmental applications. In addition, γ-PGA is used in the food and cosmetics industries due to its cryoprotective and moisturizing effects. Despite its broad range of applications, the large-scale use of γ-PGA is still limited by high production costs and relatively low biosynthetic yields. Further advances in production technologies may contribute to the wider implementation of this biopolymer in industrial and biomedical fields.
Keywords: biosynthesis, biodegradation, biomedical applications, environmental protection, sustainability

Role of Superficial Functional Groups in Determining Phosphate Biosorption Efficiency on Marine Green Algae

LOREDANA MUNTEANU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Romania
LAURA BULGARIU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Romania, laura.bulgariu@academic.tuiasi.ro

pages 105 - 116   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21681881
Abstract
In this study, three types of marine green algae biomass (Ulva lactuca, Ulva intestinalis and Cladophora vagabunda) were used for the biosorption of phosphate from aqueous solution. These marine green algae are abundant in the Black Sea, and can represent a cheap and easy-to-obtain source of renewable biomass. The efficiency of these three types of algae biomass was tested at different initial concentration of phosphate (24 – 95 mg·L-1), and the biosorption capacity, increases in the order: Ulva intestinalis > Ulva Lactuca > Cladophora vagabunda. This variation is mainly determined by the number and types of the functional groups on the surface of the algae biomass (analyzed using the Boehm method), and can be considered an important criterion in selecting algae biomass for phosphate biosorption. In addition to the biosorption capacity of algae biomass for phosphate, the pH, electrical conductibility and turbidity of the solutions obtained after filtration were also measured. All these parameters play an important role in selecting the appropriate type of algae biomass for phosphate removal from aqueous media.
Keywords: green marine algae biomass, superficial functional groups, phosphate, biosorption, aqueous solution

Particulate Matter Emissions in Urban Construction: Characterisation, Health Effects, Regulatory Background, and Mitigation Approaches

GABRIELA UNGUREANU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania, gabriela.ungureanu3@student.tuiasi.ro
BOGDAN CHELARU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, Romania
IRINA VOLF, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania

pages 117 – 128   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21682007
Abstract
A significant environmental and public health risks derive from civil construction as a major source of air pollution, particularly through the emission of particulate matter (PM). Demolition, earthmoving, transportation, material handling, and on-site production processes, continue to generate substantial PM emissions, despite technological advances. This work assessed the characteristics and behavior of PM, highlighting the differences between fine and coarse fractions and the associated toxicological implications. The paper aims to revised current European regulations for PM10 and PM2.5 including proposed updates to align with WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations. Exposure to PM leads to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to premature mortality worldwide. The study collects and systematizes several practical mitigation measures applicable to all construction works stages. Reducing PM emissions requires robust planning, constant monitoring, and sustainable construction practices. Implementing an efficient environmental management plan is mandatory to reduce emissions and protect both humans and communities.
Keywords: urban development, construction, particulate matter, atmospheric emissions, sustainability

Development And Characterization of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Silver Nanoparticle Active Packaging Films for Strawberry Preservation

ACHMAD NANDANG ROZIAFANTO, Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Indonesia, anandangr@yahoo.com
IMAS SOLIHAT, Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor Indonesia
ANISSYA DWI KUSUMANINGRUM WIBISONO, Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Indonesia
AZZAHRA TIARA PUTRI ARINDA, Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Indonesia
GHINA FAYZA NAFIRA, Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor Indonesia
IKHSAN AZIS MAULA HERMAWAN, Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Indonesia

pages 129 – 148   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21682234
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films incorporated with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using broccoli extract were developed as potential active packaging for strawberry preservation. AgNP formation was confirmed by a UV-Vis absorption peak at 419 nm with an absorbance of 1.4927, corresponding to localized surface plasmon resonance. Particle size analysis showed an average diameter of 44.88 ± 6.51 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.08 ± 0.03, indicating a relatively uniform dispersion. The films were evaluated for total phenolic content, DPPH activity, mechanical properties, and visual preservation performance. The 5 mL AgNP film without citric acid showed the highest phenolic content (1.40 mg GAE/g) and tensile strength (44.79 N/mm2). However, DPPH results were unreliable because most inhibition values were negative. Strawberry application showed preliminary preservation potential, especially for 2.5 mL AgNP with citric acid, by reducing fungal growth and maintaining fruit appearance during storage, although moisture control requires further optimization.
Keywords: active packaging, PVA, silver nanoparticles, broccoli extract, strawberry preservation

Phosphate Removal from Fertilizer Industry Wastewater Using Iron-Functionalized Activated Carbon

RAMONA-ELENA TATARU-FĂRMUȘ, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
ALEXANDRA TODERICĂ, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
ANDREI PASCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
NICOLAE APOSTOLESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
DANIELA ȘUTEU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Romania
MIHAELA POROCH, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Romania, boanca.mihaela@umfiasi.ro

pages 149 - 162   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21682337
Abstract
Phosphorus-rich effluents generated during fertilizer production require efficient treatment technologies to minimize their environmental impact. This study evaluates the adsorption of phosphate ions using a carbonaceous material before and after surface modification with iron under both batch and continuous-flow operating conditions. The modified adsorbent was prepared by a simple wet impregnation method to introduce iron active sites capable of enhancing phosphate uptake. The influence of operating mode and solid–liquid contact time on adsorption performance was investigated. Surface modification improved phosphate uptake through electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and surface complexation mechanisms. Under continuous-flow conditions, extending the contact time by solution recirculation increased adsorption efficiency, demonstrating the importance of residence time in fixed-bed systems. The results indicate that the proposed material is suitable for the treatment of highly concentrated phosphorus-containing wastewaters and that continuous adsorption can provide performance comparable to, or slightly better than, batch operation when sufficient contact time is ensured.
Keywords: fixed-bed adsorption, surface functionalization, phosphorus recovery, mass transfer, wastewater treatment