2023, Volume 69(73), Issue 2 (June)

Contents

pages 1- 8   Download

Study on the Viscosity of Solvents Based on Alanine and Potassium Carbonate

RAMONA-ELENA TĂTARU-FĂRMUȘ, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
NICOLAE APOSTOLESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
CLAUDIA COBZARU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
GABRIELA ANTOANETA APOSTOLESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
CORINA CERNĂTESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
ELENA NICULINA DRĂGOI, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania, elena.dragoi@tuiasi.ro
MIHAELA AURELIA VIZITIU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
MIHAELA POROCH, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Iași, Romania

pages 9 - 20   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162195
Abstract
Due to its low regeneration energy, low degradation rates, and low corrosivity, potassium carbonate is an excellent solvent for carbon dioxide capture. However, potassium carbonate has a drawback in that it has relatively slow reaction rate with CO2, necessitating the use of large absorption apparatus. The addition of promoters to the potassium carbonate solutions is the most effective way to increase the absorption kinetics. Potassium salt of alanine (KAla) was chosen as a promoter for CO2 absorption in potassium carbonate solution (25% K2CO3). The density and viscosity of solvents are crucial for their thorough evaluation for industrial applications, and they should be considered in addition to the absorption rate data. The viscosity of these novel solvents was evaluated over the temperature range of 298 - 333 K, for concentrations ranging from 3% KAla to the maximum 7% KAla.
Keywords: amino acid salts, carbon dioxide capture, chemical absorption, promoters, transport properties.

Contamination of Medicinal Plants with Heavy Metals and Identification of Potential Human Health Risks

DANA-MIHAELA ASIMINICESEI, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania
MARIA GAVRILESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050094 Bucharest, Romania, mgav@tuiasi.ro

pages 21 - 38   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162216
Abstract
The increasingly frequency of the use of medicinal plants in everyday life is connected with one of the major problems facing society today, related to the environmental pollution, as a consequence of unsustainable human activities. Therefore, despite the fact that medicinal plants are used as natural sources of health remedies, they can contain various pollutants, as a result of their ability to absorb some toxic chemical compounds from soil, air, water. Among these pollutants, heavy metals generate major impacts in the environment because they are toxic, non-biodegradable, can accumulate in the soil and in biological components of ecosystems and can move through the food chain, then affecting human health. Considering these aspects, our work aims to concisely present the state of knowledge in the field of contamination of medicinal plants with heavy metals, by: (i) describing the mechanisms of interaction of plants with the environment, (ii) evaluating the mobility of heavy metals in plants, (iii) examination of the way of generation and evaluation of risks for human health.
Keywords: absorption, bioavailability, hazard quotient, persistence, phytotherapy, soil, translocation.        

In Vitro Evaluation of the Dermatocosmetic Emulsions Based on Saffron (Crocus sativus) Alchoolic Extracts

DELIA TURCOV, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
ANIȘOARA CĂTĂLINA PEPTU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
ANCA ZBRANCA, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Iași, Romania
DANIELA ȘUTEU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania, danasuteu67@yahoo.com

pages 39 - 46   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162661
Abstract
The dermatocosmetic emulsion at the centre of this work simultaneously responds to the multiple needs of patients, related to the protective effects provided by the ingredients, but also to the comfort and pleasure in using the product. At the same time, the biologically active ingredients have a unique source, by capitalizing on the floral residues of saffron rich in biological compounds with significant antioxidant activity. The aim of this article is to test in vitro the behavior of some emulsions based on Saffron (Crocus sativus) plant extract. The results of the in vitro tests complete our previous studies and underline the fact that these emulsions can be made into new dermato-cosmetic formulations with a perspective in combating skin oxidative stress.
Keywords: dermatocosmetic emulsion; Franz cell; human health; in vitro evaluation; Saffron; vegetal extract.        

Combined Effect of Glycerol and Calcium Carbonate as Expanding Agents for Manufacturing Foam Glass Gravel on a Pilot Microwave Oven

LUCIAN PĂUNESCU, Cosfel Actual SRL Bucharest, Romania, lucianpaunescu16@gmail.com
SORIN MIRCEA AXINTE, Daily Sourcing & Research SRL Bucharest, Romania, Department of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Romania
ALEXANDRU FITI, Cosfel Actual SRL Bucharest, Romania

pages 47 - 57   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162840
Abstract
Foam glass gravel, a building material with excellent load-bearing and insulation properties, has become very attractive in recent decades due to its low production costs and its environmental friendliness. Used in construction, especially in harsher climates, this product uses recycled residual glass as a raw material. The authors of current paper have recently approached this field using electromagnetic waves as energy carriers converting microwave power into heat. Raw material was recycled post-consumer glass and the combination of a liquid agent (glycerol) and a solid agent (calcium carbonate) was used as the glass powder foaming agents. The experiment took place in a modified 10 kW-oven, much larger than the 800 W-microwave oven used previously. Glass foam gravel had excellent thermal insulation properties and very good compressive strength being at the qualitative level of industrial products manufactured by conventional methods.
Keywords: foam glass gravel, glass waste, glycerol, calcium carbonate, compressive strength.      

Study on the Effect of UV Radiation Over Time on the Oily Maceration of Hot Peppers

CLAUDIA COBZARU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania
GABRIELA ANTOANETA APOSTOLESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania
MIHAELA AURELIA VIZITIU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania
RAMONA-ELENA TĂTARU-FĂRMUȘ, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania
NICOLAE APOSTOLESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania
CORINA CERNĂTESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi, Romania, corina.cernatescu@academic.tuiasi.ro

pages 59 - 66   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162852
Abstract
This study analyses the stability of hot pepper extract in time, but also under the action of UV radiation. The experimental data show that, after a long time (4 years), the oily macerated samples of hot peppers do not present major changes, being resistant to photochemical degradation. Moreover, it is more resistant to photo-degradation than the sunflower oil initially used for maceration
Keywords: extraction, hot peppers, oily maceration, photo-degradation.        

Effects of the Relative Humidity of Atmosphere on Performance of n-Hexane Vapors Adsorption Under Static Conditions

ADELA-MARILENA BUBURUZAN, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Iași, Romania, marilena-adela.buburuzan@academic.tuiasi.ro

pages 67 - 79   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162888
Abstract
Although activated carbon have been widely used as adsorbents for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it frequently encounters some problems like fire risk and pore blocking, its hygroscopicity and preference for adsorbing water vapor which leads to a decrease in the retention of VOCs vapors and increasing the amount of water co-desorbed in the regeneration stage. Here, two hypercrosslinked polymeric resins, MN 202 and MN 250 were successfully tested for n-hexane vapors adsorption under static conditions for a concentration range between 9200 ppm and 46050 ppm. The performances of n-hexane vapors adsorption, expressed by removal efficiency (R, %) and adsorption capacities (q, mg/g) recorded by MN 202 and MN 250 were compared with those recorded by the granular activated carbon AC 20 (GAC-AC 20) tested in the same conditions and it turned out that MN 250 > AC 20 > MN 202. Besides, the adsorption performances of n-hexane vapors by the three adsorbents, were investigated at different humidities, RH, from 33% to 97% and the results showed that the polymeric resins behaved much better in high humidity environment. When the RH increased from 33% to 97% and the n-hexane vapors concentration varied in the range 9200 ppm to 46050 ppm, the efficiencies of n-hexane removal (R, %) decrease for each adsorbents thus: by 13% to 40% for AC 20, by 15% to 25% for MN 202 and by 6% to 10% for MN 250.  Therefore, MN 202 and especially MN 250 are promising adsorbents for VOCs removal.
Keywords: adsorption, n-hexane vapor, relative humidity, VOCs, hypercrosslinked polymeric resins, activated carbon.  

High Mechanical Strength-Geopolymer Concrete Based on Coal Fly Ash and Ground Recycled Residual Glass Added in the Fine Aggregate

LUCIAN PĂUNESCU, Cosfel Actual SRL Bucharest, Romania, lucianpaunescu16@gmail.com
BOGDAN-VALENTIN PĂUNESCU, Consitrans SA Bucharest, Romania
ENIKÖ VOLCEANOV, Faculty of Science and Materials Engineering, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Romania, Metallurgical Research Institute SA Bucharest, Romania

pages 81 - 93   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162901
Abstract
Fly ash-geopolymer concrete using ground glass waste as a partial substitute for the fine aggregate was experimentally made in order to increase the mechanical strength of geopolymer. Using the method recently patented by the French Davidovits for activating the geopolymerization reaction of alumino-silicate materials in a highly alkaline liquid medium, this material type was produced in a gel state, poured into the mold and subjected to the steam curing process at 80ºC, followed by keeping at room temperature for 28 and 90 days respectively, before determining its characteristics. Additionally and simultaneously, constituting the work originality, the fine aggregate of the mixture was partially replaced up to 15% with ground glass waste. At the end of the curing process, the investigation of specimen characteristics highlighted the increase of compressive strength up to 62.7 MPa, i.e. 8.05% higher compared to the reference sample made without replacing the fine aggregate with glass.
Keywords: geopolymer concrete, fly ash, recycled glass waste, geopolymerization, alkaline activator.      

Evaluation of Barrier Properties of Food Packaging Papers Coated with Hemicellulose Biopolymers

MIRELA ROMAN, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, Doctoral School of Fundamental and Engineering Sciences, Galați, Romania, mirela.roman@ugal.ro
PETRONELA NECHITA, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, Department of Environmental, Applied Engineering and Agriculture, Galați, Romania
CRISTIAN SILVIU SIMIONESCU, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, Department of Environmental, Applied Engineering and Agriculture, Galați, Romania

pages 95 - 105   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162939
Abstract
The existing food packaging papers are obtained by coating with aluminium/plastic foils and synthetic polymers. Due to the use of non-renewable resources, poor recyclability and lack of biodegradability, these solutions are not sustainable. In this paper are presented the results on utilisation of xylan hemicelluloses as biopolymers in coating of paper to improve its characteristics for food packaging. In this scope, biopolymer coatings based on xylan and xylan derivatives (acetylated and hydrophobized xylan) were applied in single and successive layers on paper surface. The structural and barrier (to water, gases, oil and grease) properties of coated paper samples showed the good performance to be used in food packaging applications. These findings will make possible obtaining of packaging papers with functional properties, recyclable, biodegradable and compostable that will contribute to reduce of plastic packaging utilisation.
Keywords: xylan; coatings; paper; food packaging; barrier characteristics.    

Evaluating the Effects that the Zero Waste Sewing Patterns Have on an Apparel Item’s Environmental Impact

IRINA-ELENA MARIN, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, Iași, Romania, irina-elena.marin@student.tuiasi.ro
VICTORIA BOCANCEA, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, Iași, Romania
MARIA CARMEN LOGHIN, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, Iași, Romania

pages 107 - 116   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162963
Abstract
The effects of climate change are more and more visible nowadays, and global warming has taken its toll lately. Those effects are but a result of the massive and irresponsible production capacity, fueled by the greed for consumption. Within the apparel sphere, this overwhelming manufacturing rate has been manifesting itself in tremendous amounts of fabric waste, designed for landfill disposal, which contributed over the years to climate change. The damage that has been done can only be fixed by rethinking and restructuring the conventional ways garments are produced, as well as becoming more aware of the need for a structural change within the fashion industry. Considering the major impact the apparel industry has upon the environment, this study aims to identify what are the steps to be followed, and by how much can a clothing item be less hazardous, by addressing the consequences of regular and sustainable apparel upon global warming, eutrophication and acidification.
Keywords: apparel industry, ecodesign, fabric consumption, global warming, patterns.        

Watershed Delineation in Flat Urban Areas Using GIS Techniques

IOAN-CORNELIU MARȚINCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Iași, Romania, anca.danila@academic.tuiasi.ro
ANCA ZABORILĂ, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Iași, Romania
CATRINEL-RALUCA GIURMA-HANDLEY, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Iași, Romania

pages 117 - 125   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8162981
Abstract
The accurate determination of the catchments is still a challenge in the flat terrains of the urban areas even if this is a precondition for runoff modeling, hydrological modeling and water quality simulations. To aid in delineating of the contributing drainage areas across an entire city at the level of individual drain inlets, which were then aggregated to larger basins in an urban landscape, a workflow has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to delineate the regional storm watershed properties to perform a drainage analysis on a terrain model. Arc Hydro package has been utilized for this study because can reduce considerably the time-consuming processes as well as help to improve the reliability and resolution. The results of this study show that delineations of urban watersheds in flat areas can be possible even in lower resolution city models and provide high superiorly data if a complete database that reflects the reality will be utilized. Furthermore, a distinction has been made between the basins which drains to the surface waters and those that are draining to the sewerage network. The results can be easily used to study the pipe hydraulics for sewer systems and for future management planning.
Keywords: watershed delineation, stormwater network, digital terrain model, hydrology.    

On the Ecological State of Moldova River in the Cordun Area

PETRU-DANIEL BRĂNIANU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Iași, Romania
MIHAIL LUCA, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Iași, Romania, mluca2015@yahoo.com
VALENTIN BOBOC, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Iași, Romania

pages 127 - 138   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8163005
Abstract
The research was carried out on the section of the Moldova River where the industrial water catchment of the city of Roman is located. The realization of a catchment construction influenced the morphology of the minor bed of the Moldova River over a length of about 400 m. The river was divided into two arms separated by an island. The research highlighted the morphological differences between the two riverbeds, an aspect that also influenced their ecological condition. Both streams do not provide optimal conditions for the aquatic and riparian habitat in the current stage of operation. The research revealed that the left arm cannot provide good habitat conditions due to the hydraulic characteristics of the catchment. The secondary bed is not regularized and has an uneven water supply. The acrid situation does not allow the achievement of the hydraulic and biological parameters of the habitat's existence.
Keywords: degradation, habitat, river morphology, water catchment.