Syngas as a Viable Solution for Liquid Waste Capitalization
MARIA OANA AGAVRILOAIE, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi,
"Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, Iaşi, Romania,
agavriloaie.oana@gmail.com MARIA HARJA, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical
University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania
Abstract The use of finite resources for obtaining syngas and the
accumulation of large amounts of liquid wastes give place to discussions and
researches about new technologies and approaches to waste capitalization.
Gasification is gaining attention as an efficient process for the conversion
of waste. This paper highlights the advantages of using liquid waste as a
feedstock for the gasification process. Syngas can be converted to numerous
valuable chemical compounds, to olefins by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the
presence of catalysts, to methanol or to dimethyl ether by direct synthesis
and indirect synthesis by methanol dehydration in the same plant. Ammonia is
another important chemical compound obtain from syngas. Hydrogen can be
separated from hydrogen rich syngas and is a priced fuel of this days. The
synthesis gas can be also utilized directly as fuel in the stationary
engines of heavy equipment from manufacturing industries and for power
plants or as a subsidiary for diesel fuels in transportation. Keywords:
liquid waste, syngas, gasification, fuel, clean energy.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Natural Reservation „Poiana cu Schit"
from Iaşi County
CRISTINA CARMEN STINGU (PALICI), "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău,
Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Bacău,
Romania, cristina.7422@yahoo.com VALENTIN NEDEFF, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Department of
Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Bacău, Romania ION
SANDU, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi, Institute of
Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Science, ARHEOINVEST Centre, Iaşi,
Romania VIORICA VASILACHE, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi,
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Science, ARHEOINVEST
Centre, Iaşi, Romania MIHAELA ORLANDA ANTONOVICI (MUNTEANU),
"Alexandru
Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Doctoral
School of Geosciences, Iaşi, Romania
Abstract The global climate change affects the future of our plant,
due to the disastrous effects it produces. Romania is vulnerable against a
series of natural and geological climate dangers, such as: floods,
landslides, strong winds, droughts, extreme temperatures, as well as
earthquakes which can cause numerous human and economic losses. The
simulations that have been made using the global climate models indicate the
fact that the main factors which determine this phenomenon are both natural
(variations in the solar radiation and in the volcanic activity), and
anthropogenic (changes in the composition of the atmosphere due to human
activities). The cumulative effect of these two factors can explain the
changes in the average global temperature we have been able to observe
during the last 150 years. In order to diminish the damage produced by the
climate change, we need to take prevention and safety measures. To do this,
it is essential that we monitor the factors which determine these changes,
that we evaluate the risks and that we establish measures in order to
diminish the damage they might produce. Having these considerations in mind,
our proposal is to monitor the natural and anthropogenic factors in the area
surrounding the Poiana cu Schit natural reservation and to establish
preventive and protection measures in order to keep this natural reservation
unaltered. Keywords: environmental factors, global temperature, protected
areas.
Assessment of the Impact of Changes in the Combustion Process in a
Brick-Making Plant which the Manufacturing Mix Changes
COSTEL ANTON, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi,
"Cristofor
Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
Iaşi, Romania,
costel.anton@gmail.com SILVIA CURTEANU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical
University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania
Abstract In this paper, the influence of the use of two auxiliary raw
materials – sawdust and sunflower seed husks – on the oxygen consumption of
the air brought in the process and the impact on the combustion products was
analyzed on an industrial installation in real working conditions. It has
been found that although in the case of recipes that use sunflower seed
husks a smaller amount of gas with energy potential is released, it is
preferable to use them because the amount of nitrogen oxides exhausted in
the chimney of the furnace is lower. Keywords: brick, waste added,
reducing energy consumption, exhaust gases analysis.
Current Trends in the Recovery of Precious Metals from Electrical and
Electronic Waste
NICOLAE APOSTOLESCU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi,
"Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, Iaşi, Romania MIHAELA AURELIA VIZITIU, "Gheorghe Asachi"
Technical University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical
Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania CORINA
CERNĂTESCU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, "Cristofor
Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
Iaşi, Romania RAMONA ELENA TĂTARU-FĂRMUȘ, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical
University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania CLAUDIA COBZARU,
"Gheorghe
Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of
Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania GABRIELA
ANTOANETA APOSTOLESCU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi,
"Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, Iaşi, Romania,
ganto@ch.tuiasi.ro
Abstract The recovery of precious metals can be efficiently done from
waste. This method is considered a secondary source of raw materials,
minimizing the need for exploitation and processing raw materials, while
reducing energy and water consumption. Waste from electrical and electronic
industry, used photographic film or waste from the jewelry manufacturing
industry, fall into this category and lead to the recovery of approximately
25% of the annual requirement of gold and 20% of the annual requirement of
silver. The paper presents the advantages of recycling waste containing
precious metals, the difficulties of the recycling process and methods of
recovering noble metals by processing electrical and electronic waste,
focusing on technologies launched in recent years (bio-hydro-metallurgical
processes, bio-oxidation static processes, adsorption on activated carbon or
polymeric membranes, selective extraction). Keywords: e-waste, gold and
silver recovery, responsible recycling, recycling benefits.
Screening of the Amino Acid-Based Solvents for Carbon Dioxide Absorption
RAMONA ELENA TĂTARU-FĂRMUȘ, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of
Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and
Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania NICOLAE APOSTOLESCU,
"Gheorghe
Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of
Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania CORINA
CERNĂTESCU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, "Cristofor
Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
Iaşi, Romania CLAUDIA COBZARU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of
Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and
Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania MIHAELA POROCH,
"Grigore T. Popa"
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iaşi, Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Iaşi, Romania,
boanca.mihaela@umfiasi.ro
Abstract Post-combustion separation and capture of CO2 from flue
gases resulting from the burning of fossil fuels is a challenging technique
due to the low pressure and low concentration of carbon dioxide, the
impurities in the flue gases and the cost of regenerating the absorber.
Researchers have developed various CO2 capture technologies such as
absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation cryogenic technology. Of
these, absorption was the most widely used. A wide variety of organic and
inorganic substances have been proposed as solvents for CO2 uptake. But,
these solvents have some major disadvantage such as: low absorption rate for
K2CO3 solutions, high energy consumption for the amine solutions, high
volatility and toxicity of ammonia. These can be solved by using another
selective solvent for carbon dioxide. This paper provides information
available in the literature on current solvents and the potential for amino
acid salts to be used as absorbent for CO2 capture. Keywords: acid gas,
chemisorption, energy efficiency, equimolar blend, greenhouse gases.
Ex-Situ Remediation of a Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soil
CARMEN ZAHARIA, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi,
"Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, Iaşi, Romania,
czah@ch.tuiasi.ro MIRELA SIMION, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical
University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania IRINA VOLF,
"Gheorghe Asachi"
Technical University of Iaşi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical
Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iaşi, Romania
Abstract The remediation of polluted soils is a key concern of modern
society due to importance of this natural resource for present and its
conservation for future. Intensive anthropic activities facilitate sometimes
the discharge of wastes or hazardous pollutants (like petroleum
hydrocarbons) that lead to the soil contamination. The aim of this research
is to summarize the experimental data resulted in the assessment of the
quality indicators for a hydrocarbon contaminated soil (at depth of 5 cm and
30 cm) as well as results from an ex-situ remediation technology at
laboratory scale performed using extraction with organic solvents (carbon
tetrachloride, glacial acetic acid and hexane) and repeated water washes.
The wastewaters containing traces of pollutant were collected and also
treated by adsorption (with pine sawdust as adsorbent) followed by
sedimentation. The proposed ex-situ remediation was found efficient
(>79% petroleum hydrocarbons removal) if the amount of excavated
contaminated soil is limited and the proposed working conditions could be
applied. Keywords: ex-situ remediation, chemical extraction, organic
solvent, hydrocarbons, adsorption.